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Red Hat, Inc.
Business Unit
IndustryComputer software
FateAcquired by IBM Corporation
Founded1993; 26 years ago[1]
FounderBob Young
Marc Ewing
Headquarters,
U.S.
Worldwide
Key people
Naren Gupta(Chairman)
Jim Whitehurst(CEO)
Products
  • Red Hat Hyperconverged Infrastructure for Virtualization
RevenueUS$3.4 billion (2018)[2]
US$512 million (2018)[3]
US$434 million (2018)[2]
Total assetsUS$5.588 billion (2018)[2]
Total equityUS$1.613 billion (2018)[2]
  • 12,600 (as of August 31, 2018)[4]
ParentIBM
Subsidiaries
Websitewww.redhat.com

An ISO image or.iso (International Organization for Standardization) file is an archive file that contains a disk image called ISO 9660 file system format. Every ISO file have.ISO extension has defined format name taken from the ISO 9660 file system and specially used with CD/DVD Rom’s. In simple words an iso file is a disk image. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.3 (RHEL- Maipo) is a Linux Operating System released under Red Hat based on Fedora 19. It is a stable release with many improvements to provide more stability. This free download is DVD ISO image standalone installer for Linux Red Hat Enterprise 7.3 version for both 32bit and 64bit architecture. Today Red Hat is the world`s most trusted provider of Linux and open source technology. And that technology is pervasive, running systems of all sizes, and, more than ever, powering mission-critical computing in the enterprise.

Red Hat, Inc. is an American multinationalsoftware company providing open-source software products to the enterprise community. Founded in 1993, Red Hat has its corporate headquarters in Raleigh, North Carolina, with other offices worldwide. It became a subsidiary of IBM on July 9, 2019.[5]

Red Hat has become associated to a large extent with its enterprise operating system Red Hat Enterprise Linux. With the acquisition of open-source enterprise middleware vendor JBoss, Red Hat also offers Red Hat Virtualization (RHV), an enterprise virtualization product. Red Hat provides storage, operating system platforms, middleware, applications, management products, and support, training, and consulting services.

Red Hat creates, maintains, and contributes to many free software projects. It has acquired several proprietary software product codebases through corporate mergers and acquisitions and has released such software under open-source licenses. As of March 2016, Red Hat is the second largest corporate contributor to the Linux kernel version 4.14 after Intel.[6]

On October 28, 2018, IBM announced its intent to acquire Red Hat for $34 billion.[7][8][9] The acquisition closed on July 9, 2019.[10] Red Hat's lead financial adviser in the transaction was Guggenheim Securities.

  • 1History
  • 4Programs and projects
  • 5Subsidiaries
  • 6Mergers and acquisitions

History[edit]

In 1993, Bob Young incorporated the ACC Corporation, a catalogbusiness that sold Linux and Unix software accessories. In 1994, Marc Ewing created his own Linux distribution, which he named Red Hat Linux[11] (Ewing had worn a red Cornell Universitylacrosse hat, given to him by his grandfather, while attending Carnegie Mellon University[12][13][14]). Ewing released the software in October, and it became known as the Halloween release. Young bought Ewing's business in 1995,[clarification needed] and the two merged to become Red Hat Software, with Young serving as chief executive officer (CEO).

Red Hat went public on August 11, 1999, achieving the eighth-biggest first-day gain in the history of Wall Street.[11]Matthew Szulik succeeded Bob Young as CEO in December of that year.[15]Bob Young went on to found the online print on demand and self-publishing company, Lulu in 2002.

On November 15, 1999, Red Hat acquired Cygnus Solutions. Cygnus provided commercial support for free software and housed maintainers of GNU software products such as the GNU Debugger and GNU Binutils. One of the founders of Cygnus, Michael Tiemann, became the chief technical officer of Red Hat and by 2008 the vice president of open-source affairs. Later Red Hat acquired WireSpeed, C2Net and Hell's Kitchen Systems.[16]

In February 2000, InfoWorld awarded Red Hat its fourth consecutive 'Operating System Product of the Year' award for Red Hat Linux 6.1.[17] Red Hat acquired Planning Technologies, Inc in 2001 and AOL's iPlanet directory and certificate-server software in 2004.

Red Hat moved its headquarters from Durham to North Carolina State University's Centennial Campus in Raleigh, North Carolina in February 2002. In the following month Red Hat introduced Red Hat Linux Advanced Server,[18][19] later renamed Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). Dell,[20]IBM,[21]HP[22] and Oracle Corporation[23] announced their support of the platform.[24]

In December 2005, CIO Insight magazine conducted its annual 'Vendor Value Survey', in which Red Hat ranked #1 in value for the second year in a row.[25] Red Hat stock became part of the NASDAQ-100 on December 19, 2005.

Red Hat Linux Iso Download

Red Hat acquired open-source middleware provider JBoss on June 5, 2006, and JBoss became a division of Red Hat. On September 18, 2006, Red Hat released the Red Hat Application Stack, which integrated the JBoss technology and which was certified by other well-known software vendors.[26][27] On December 12, 2006, Red Hat stock moved from trading on NASDAQ (RHAT) to the New York Stock Exchange (RHT). In 2007 Red Hat acquired MetaMatrix and made an agreement with Exadel to distribute its software.

Red hat iso 7.4

On March 15, 2007, Red Hat released Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, and in June acquired Mobicents. On March 13, 2008, Red Hat acquired Amentra, a provider of systems integration services for service-oriented architecture, business process management, systems development and enterprise data services.

On July 27, 2009, Red Hat replaced CIT Group in Standard and Poor's 500 stock index, a diversified index of 500 leading companies of the U.S. economy.[28][29] This was reported as a major milestone for Linux.[30][31]

On December 15, 2009, it was reported that Red Hat will pay US$8.8 million to settle a class action lawsuit related to the restatement of financial results from July 2004. The suit had been pending in U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina. Red Hat reached the proposed settlement agreement and recorded a one-time charge of US$8.8 million for the quarter that ended Nov. 30.[32]

On January 10, 2011, Red Hat announced that it would expand its headquarters in two phases, adding 540 employees to the Raleigh operation, and investing over US$109 million. The state of North Carolina is offering up to US$15 million in incentives. The second phase involves 'expansion into new technologies such as software virtualization and technology cloud offerings'.[33]

On August 25, 2011, Red Hat announced it would move about 600 employees from the N.C. State Centennial Campus to Two Progress Plaza downtown.[34] A ribbon cutting ceremony was held June 24, 2013, in the re-branded Red Hat Headquarters.[35]

In 2012, Red Hat became the first one-billion dollar open-source company, reaching US$1.13 billion in annual revenue during its fiscal year.[36] Red Hat passed the $2 billion benchmark in 2015. As of February 2018 the company's annual revenue was nearly $3 billion.[37]

On October 16, 2015, Red Hat announced its acquisition of IT automation startup Ansible, rumored for an estimated $100 million USD.[38]

On June 2017, Red Hat announced Red Hat Hyperconverged Infrastructure 1.0 software product[39]

In May 2018, Red Hat acquired CoreOS.[40]

Acquisition by IBM[edit]

On October 28, 2018, IBM announced its intent to acquire Red Hat for US$34 billion, in one of its largest-ever acquisitions. The company will operate out of IBM's Hybrid Cloud division.[41][42]

Six months later, on May 3, 2019, the US Department of Justice concluded its review of IBM's proposed Red Hat acquisition,[43] and according to Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols 'essentially approved the IBM/Red Hat deal'.[44] The acquisition was closed on July 9, 2019.[45]

Fedora Project[edit]

Fedora Project logo

Red Hat sponsors the Fedora Project, a community-supported free software project that aims to promote the rapid progress of free and open-source software and content. Fedora aims for rapid innovation using open processes and public forums.[46]

The Fedora Project Board, which comprises community leaders and representatives of Red Hat, leads the project and steers the direction of the project and of Fedora, the Linux distribution it develops. Red Hat employees work with the code alongside community members, and many innovations within the Fedora Project make their way into new releases of Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

Business model[edit]

Red Hat operates on a professional open-sourcebusiness model based on open-source software, development within a community, professional quality assurance, and subscription-based customer support. They produce open-source code so that more programmers can make adaptations and improvements.

Red Hat sells subscriptions for the support, training, and integration services that help customers in using their open-source software products. Customers pay one set price for unlimited access to services such as Red Hat Network and up to 24/7 support.[47] Download movie soundtracks.

In September 2014, however, CEO Jim Whitehurst announced that Red Hat was 'in the midst of a major shift from client-server to cloud-mobile'.[48]

Rich Bynum, a member of Red Hat's legal team, attributes Linux's success and rapid development partially to open-source business models, including Red Hat's.[49]

Programs and projects[edit]

One Laptop per Child[edit]

Red Hat engineers worked with the One Laptop per Child initiative (a non-profit organization established by members of the MIT Media Lab) to design and produce an inexpensive laptop and try to provide every child in the world with access to open communication, open knowledge, and open learning. The XO-4 laptop, the latest machine of this project, runs a slimmed-down version of Fedora 17 as its operating system.

GNOME[edit]

Red Hat is the largest contributor to the GNOME desktop environment. It has several employees working full-time on Evolution, the official personal information manager for GNOME.

Dogtail[edit]

Dogtail, an open-source automated graphical user interface (GUI) test framework initially developed by Red Hat, consists of free software released under the GNU General Public License (GPL) and is written in Python. It allows developers to build and test their applications. Red Hat announced the release of Dogtail at the 2006 Red Hat Summit.[50][51]

MRG[edit]

Red Hat MRG is a clustering product intended for integrated high-performance computing (HPC). The acronym MRG stands for 'Messaging Realtime Grid'.

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Red Hat Enterprise MRG replaces the Red Hat Enterprise Linux RHEL, a Linux distribution developed by Red Hat, kernel in order to provide extra support for real-time computing, together with middleware support for message brokerage and scheduling workload to local or remote virtual machines, grid computing, and cloud computing.[52]

As of 2011, Red Hat works with the Condor High-Throughput Computing System community and also provides support for the software.[53]

The Tuna performance-monitoring tool runs in the MRG environment.[54]

Opensource.com[edit]

Red Hat produces the online publication Opensource.com. The site highlights ways open-source principles apply in domains other than software development. The site tracks the application of open-source philosophy to business, education, government, law, health, and life.

The company originally produced a newsletter called Under the Brim. Wide Open magazine first appeared in March 2004, as a means for Red Hat to share technical content with subscribers on a regular basis. The Under the Brim newsletter and Wide Open magazine merged in November 2004, to become Red Hat Magazine. In January 2010, Red Hat Magazine became Opensource.com.[55]

Red Hat Exchange[edit]

In 2007, Red Hat announced that it had reached an agreement with some free software and open-source (FOSS) companies that allowed it to make a distribution portal called Red Hat Exchange, reselling FOSS software with the original branding intact.[56][57] However, by 2010, Red Hat had abandoned the Exchange program to focus their efforts more on their Open Source Channel Alliance which began in April 2009.[58]

Red Hat Subscription Management[edit]

Red Hat Subscription Management (RHSM)[59] combines content delivery with subscription management.[60]

OpenShift[edit]

Red Hat operates OpenShift, a cloud computingplatform as a service, supporting applications written in Node.js, PHP, Perl, Python, Ruby, JavaEE and more.[61]

On July 31, 2018, Red Hat announced the release of Istio 1.0, a microservices management program used in tandem with the Kubernetes platform. The software purports to provide 'traffic management, service identity and security, policy enforcement and telemetry' services in order to streamline Kubernetes use under the various Fedora-based operating systems. Red Hat's Brian Redbeard Harring described Istio as 'aiming to be a control plane, similar to the Kubernetes control plane, for configuring a series of proxy servers that get injected between application components'.[62]

OpenStack[edit]

Red Hat markets a version of OpenStack which helps manage a data center in the manner of cloud computing.[63]

CloudForms[edit]

Red Hat CloudForms provides management of virtual machines, instances and containers based on VMware vSphere, Red Hat Virtualization, Microsoft Hyper-V, OpenStack, Amazon EC2, Google Cloud Platform, Microsoft Azure, and Red Hat OpenShift. CloudForms is based on the ManageIQ project that Red Hat open sourced. Code in ManageIQ is from the over US$100 million acquisition of ManageIQ in 2012.[64][65]

LibreOffice[edit]

Red Hat contributes, with several software developers, to LibreOffice, a free and open-sourceoffice suite.[66]

Other FOSS projects[edit]

Red Hat has some employees working full-time on other free and open-source software projects that are not Red Hat products, such as two full-time employees working on the free software radeon (David Airlie and Jerome Glisse[67]) and one full-time employee working on the free software nouveau graphic drivers.[68] Another such project is AeroGear, an open-source project that brings security and development expertise to cross-platform enterprise mobile development.[citation needed]

Red Hat also organises 'Open Source Day' events[69] where multiple partners show their open-source technologies.[70]

Utilities and tools[edit]

Subscribers have access to:

  • Red Hat Developer Toolset (DTS)[71] – performance analysis and development tools[72]
  • Red Hat Software Collections (RHSCL) [73]

Over and above Red Hat's major products and acquisitions, Red Hat programmers have produced software programming-tools and utilities to supplement standard Unix and Linux software. Some of these Red Hat 'products' have found their way from specifically Red Hat operating environments via open-source channels to a wider community. Such utilities include:

  • Disk Druid – for disk partitioning[74]
  • rpm – for package management
  • sos (son of <code>sysreport</code>) – tools for collecting information on system hardware and configuration.[75]
    • sosreport – reports system hardware and configuration details[76][citation needed]
  • SystemTap – tracing tool for Linux kernels, developed with IBM, Hitachi, Oracle[77] and Intel[78]

The Red Hat website lists the organization's major involvements in free and open-source software projects.[79]

Community projects under the aegis of Red Hat include:

  • the Pulp application for software repository management.[80]

Subsidiaries[edit]

Red Hat India[edit]

In 2000, Red Hat created the subsidiary Red Hat India to deliver Red Hat software, support, and services to Indian customers.[81] Colin Tenwick, vice president and general manager of Red Hat EMEA said Red Hat India was opened 'in response to the rapid adoption of Red Hat Linux in the subcontinent. Demand for open-source solutions from the Indian markets is rising and Red Hat wants to play a major role in this region.'[81] Red Hat India has worked with local companies to enable adoption of open-source technology in both government[82] and education.[83]

In 2006, Red Hat India had a distribution network of more than 70 channel partners spanning 27 cities across India.[84] Red Hat India's channel partners included MarkCraft Solutions, Ashtech Infotech Pvt Ltd, Efensys Technologies, Embee Software, Allied Digital Services, and Softcell Technologies. Distributors include Integra Micro Systems[85] and Ingram Micro.

Mergers and acquisitions[edit]

Red Hat's first major acquisition involved Delix Computer GmbH-Linux Div, the Linux-based operating-system division of Delix Computer, a German computer company, on July 30, 1999.

Red Hat acquired Cygnus Solutions, a company that provided commercial support for free software, on January 11, 2000 – it was the company's largest acquisition, for US$674 million.[86]Michael Tiemann, co-founder of Cygnus, served as the chief technical officer of Red Hat after the acquisition. Red Hat made the most acquisitions in 2000 with five: Cygnus Solutions, Bluecurve, Wirespeed Communications, Hell's Kitchen Systems, and C2Net. On June 5, 2006, Red Hat acquired open-source middleware provider JBoss for US$420 million and integrated it as its own division of Red Hat.

On December 14, 1998, Red Hat made its first divestment, when Intel and Netscape acquired undisclosed minority stakes in the company. The next year, on March 9, 1999, Compaq, IBM, Dell and Novell each acquired undisclosed minority stakes in Red Hat.

Acquisitions[edit]

DateCompanyBusinessCountryValue (USD)References
July 13, 1999Atomic VisionWebsite designUnited States—[87][88]
July 30, 1999Delix Computer GmbH
-Linux Div[note 1]		Computers and softwareGermany—[89]
January 11, 2000Cygnus Solutions Limitedgcc, gdb, binutilsUnited States$674,444,000[90][86]
May 26, 2000BluecurveIT management softwareUnited States$37,107,000[91]
August 1, 2000Wirespeed CommunicationsInternet softwareUnited States$83,963,000[92]
August 15, 2000Hell's Kitchen SystemsInternet softwareUnited States$85,624,000[93]
September 13, 2000C2NetInternet softwareUnited States$39,983,000[94]
February 5, 2001AkopiaEcommerce websitesUnited States—[95]
February 28, 2001Planning TechnologiesConsultingUnited States$47,000,000[96]
February 11, 2002ArsDigitaAssets and employeesUnited States—[97]
October 15, 2002NOCpulseSoftwareUnited States—[98]
December 18, 2003Sistina SoftwareGFS, LVM, DMUnited States$31,000,000[99]
September 30, 2004The Netscape Security
-Certain Asts[note 2]		Certain assetsUnited States—[100]
June 5, 2006JBossMiddlewareUnited States$420,000,000[101]
June 6, 2007MetaMatrixInformation management softwareUnited States—[102]
June 19, 2007MobicentsTelecommunications softwareUnited States—[103]
March 13, 2008AmentraConsultingUnited States—[104]
June 4, 2008IdentyxSoftwareUnited States—[105]
September 4, 2008QumranetKVM, RHEV, SPICEIsrael$107,000,000[106]
November 30, 2010MakaraEnterprise softwareUnited States—[107]
October 4, 2011GlusterGlusterFSUnited States$136,000,000[108]
June 27, 2012FuseSourceEnterprise integration softwareUnited States—[109]
August 28, 2012PolymitaEnterprise softwareSpain—[110]
December 20, 2012ManageIQOrchestration softwareUnited States$104,000,000[111]
January 7, 2014The CentOS ProjectCentOSUnited States—[112][113]
April 30, 2014Inktank StorageCephUnited States$175,000,000[114]
June 18, 2014eNovanceOpenStack Integration ServicesFrance$95,000,000[115]
September 18, 2014FeedHenryMobile Application PlatformIreland$82,000,000[116]
October 16, 2015AnsibleConfiguration management, Orchestration engineUnited States—[117]
June 22, 20163scaleAPI managementUnited States—[118]
May 25, 2017CodenvyCloud softwareUnited States—[119]
July 31, 2017PermabitData deduplication and compressionUnited States—[120]
January 30, 2018CoreOSManagement of containerized application:
Container Linux by CoreOS		United States$250,000,000[121]
November 28, 2018NooBaaCloud storage technologyIsrael—[122]

Divestitures[edit]

DateAcquirerTarget companyTarget businessAcquirer countryValue (USD)References
December 14, 1998Intel CorporationRed Hat[note 3]Open-source softwareUnited States—[123]
March 9, 1999CompaqRed Hat[note 4]Open-source softwareUnited States—[124]
March 9, 1999IBMRed Hat[note 5]Open-source softwareUnited States—[125]
March 9, 1999NovellRed Hat[note 6]Open-source softwareUnited States—[126]
  1. ^Delix Computer GmbH-Linux Div was acquired from Delix Computer.
  2. ^Netscape Security-Certain Asts was acquired from Netscape Security Solutions.
  3. ^Intel Corporation acquired a minority stake in Red Hat.
  4. ^Compaq acquired a minority stake in Red Hat.
  5. ^IBM acquired a minority stake in Red Hat.
  6. ^Novell acquired a minority stake in Red Hat

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If you have a Red Hat subscription, you can download ISO image files of the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 installation DVD from the Red Hat Customer Portal. If you do not have a subscription, either purchase one or obtain a free evaluation subscription from the Software & Download Center at https://access.redhat.com/downloads/.
There are two basic types of installation media available for the AMD64 and Intel 64 (x86_64), ARM (Aarch64), and IBM Power Systems (ppc64) architectures:
Binary DVD
A full installation image that boots the installation program and performs the entire installation without additional package repositories.

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Binary DVDs are also available for IBM Z. They can be used to boot the installation program using a SCSI DVD drive or as installation sources.
Boot.iso
A minimal boot image that boots the installation program but requires access to additional package repositories. Red Hat does not provide the repository; you must create it using the full installation ISO image.
Supplementary DVD images containing additional packages, such as the IBM Java Runtime Environment and additional virtualization drivers may be available, but they are beyond the scope of this document.
If you have a subscription or evaluation subscription, follow these steps to obtain the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 ISO image files:

Procedure 2.1. Downloading Red Hat Enterprise Linux ISO Images

  1. Visit the Customer Portal at https://access.redhat.com/home. If you are not logged in, click LOG IN on the right side of the page. Enter your account credentials when prompted.
  2. Click Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
  3. Ensure that you select the appropriate Product Variant and Architecture for your installation target. By default, Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server and x86_64 are selected. If you are not sure which variant best suits your needs, see http://www.redhat.com/en/technologies/linux-platforms/enterprise-linux. Additionally, a list of packages available for every variant is available in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Package Manifest.
  4. A list of available downloads is displayed; most notably, a minimal Boot ISO image and a full installation Binary DVD ISO image. These files are described above. Additional images can be available, such as preconfigured virtual machine images, which are beyond the scope of this document.
  5. Choose the image file that you want to use. You have two ways to download it from the Customer Portal:
    • Click its name to begin downloading it to your computer using your web browser.
    • Right-click the name and then click Copy Link Location or a similar menu item, the exact wording of which depends on the browser that you are using. This action copies the URL of the file to your clipboard, which allows you to use an alternative application to download the file to your computer. This approach is especially useful if your Internet connection is unstable: in that case, you browser might fail to download the whole file, and an attempt to resume the interrupted download process fails because the download link contains an authentication key which is only valid for a short time. Specialized applications such as curl can, however, be used to resume interrupted download attempts from the Customer Portal, which means that you need not download the whole file again and thus you save your time and bandwidth consumption.

      Procedure 2.2. Using curl to Download Installation Media

      1. Make sure the curl package is installed by running the following command as root:
        If your Linux distribution does not use yum, or if you do not use Linux at all, download the most appropriate software package from the curl web site.
      2. Open a terminal window, enter a suitable directory, and type the following command:
        Replace filename.iso with the ISO image name as displayed in the Customer Portal, such as rhel-server-7.0-x86_64-dvd.iso. This is important because the download link in the Customer Portal contains extra characters which curl would otherwise use in the downloaded file name, too. Then, keep the single quotation mark in front of the next parameter, and replace copied_link_location with the link that you have copied from the Customer Portal; copy it again if you copied the commands above in the meantime. Note that in Linux, you can paste the content of the clipboard into the terminal window by middle-clicking anywhere in the window, or by pressing Shift+Insert. Finally, use another single quotation mark after the last parameter, and press Enter to run the command and start transferring the ISO image. The single quotation marks prevent the command line interpreter from misinterpreting any special characters that might be included in the download link.

        Example 2.1. Downloading an ISO image with curl

        The following is an example of a curl command line:
        Note that the actual download link is much longer because it contains complicated identifiers.
      3. If your Internet connection does drop before the transfer is complete, refresh the download page in the Customer Portal; log in again if necessary. Copy the new download link, use the same basic curl command line parameters as earlier but be sure to use the new download link, and add -C - to instruct curl to automatically determine where it should continue based on the size of the already downloaded file.

        Example 2.2. Resuming an interrupted download attempt

        The following is an example of a curl command line that you use if you have only partially downloaded the ISO image of your choice:
  6. Optionally, you can use a checksum utility such as sha256sum to verify the integrity of the image file after the download finishes. All downloads on the Download Red Hat Enterprise Linux page are provided with their checksums for reference:
    Similar tools are available for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X. You can also use the installation program to verify the media when starting the installation; see Section 22.2.2, “Verifying Boot Media” for details.

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After you have downloaded an ISO image file from the Customer Portal, you can:

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  • Burn it to a CD or DVD as described in Section 3.1, “Making an Installation CD or DVD”.
  • Use it to create a bootable USB drive; see Section 3.2, “Making Installation USB Media”.
  • Place it on a server to prepare for a network installation. For specific directions, see Section 3.3.3, “Installation Source on a Network”.
  • Place it on a hard drive to use the drive as an installation source. For specific instructions, see Section 3.3.2, “Installation Source on a Hard Drive”.
  • Use it to prepare a Preboot Execution Environment (PXE) server, which allows you to boot the installation system over a network. See Chapter 23, Preparing for a Network Installation for instructions.




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